There is an increasing number of people in the industrialization process, which leads to urbanization and it becomes a general problem. This is because a Rural surplus of workers move to cities on a large scale. This is a common problem which every country must face in the period of its urbanization. ( Di and Li, 2008) This migration is not sustainable. Therefore the government should invest more money in rural areas. It might work because the money could be invested in a welfare system, and may stay in their rural areas. However the government may need to increase taxes to pay for such a system. Another solution maybe to distribute the city’s finances to local rural areas.
According to Ibrahim and Marc (2011), using fossil fuels has a negative effect on global stability. In other words, sustainable development has been limited by energy problems. So an increasing population means a higher energy demand. One possible solution could be to increase solar power availability and use for industry and large organisations, such as schools, hospitals etc. However it is not easy to develop the technology for all organisations. Another possible solution could be to use an incentive scheme. Where organisations reducing their pollution levels can be rewarded financially (Paras, 1999)
Thursday, August 25, 2011
Wednesday, August 24, 2011
GROUP 5 Evaluations
FoodThe problem is food packaging, which is not recyclable. There are two possible solutions. Firstly the government can encourage factories to use recyclable materials for food products. However not every type of food can be stored in recyclable materials. Which means it will not be successful unless some new technology is used to package all types of food. Moreover not every city would be able to use this type of technology.
HealthThe problem is overuse of hospitals in urban areas. For example too many people use limited facilities to medical treatment. One possible solution would be to encourage people to move to rural areas, to stop hospital overcrowding. The advantage of this would be to relieve the burden of the city hospitals and improve rural area development. Unfortunately it may not be successful because people may not want to move out of the urban centre. However the government could increase the salaries of rural jobs to give city inhabitants and medical professionals an incentive to move. Although this may not work in every major city, as the move may change the economy.
HousingThe problem is the high density of population in urban areas, and land becomes increasingly expensive. One possible solution is building skyscrapers. It can be a successful method to provide a lot of housing in a small area, but people will only live in a very small area, which could lead to physical and mental health problems. When skyscrapers are constructed it can destroy the natural environment, which means less green areas for the city. However it will be impossible to use this method in some cities, such as London, or Paris because they are old and have already been constructed, and you would need to destroy the old buildings to build. Not only this but it would damage the skyline of these cities.
TransportThe problem is traffic jams. One possible solution is the vehicle restriction rule, which limits the number of cars on the road due to their vehicle registration. The advantage of such a scheme is that it is easy to set up the project, as you do not need to build anything, and can therefore save government money. Even though this has been used in Beijing it does not stop the amount of traffic jams, because some people have more than one car with different registration numbers. In addition it does not work for some businesses, such as food transportation which need to transport products everyday. Although the congestion charge scheme used in London may be an extra alternative.
PollutionThere is a lack of drinking water in urban areas. We need to make more clean water available by using a new water system in houses. This system can recycle waste water in the house for cleaning the toilet. It could be successful as it would not cost too much money in new houses. However it does have some implications, such as how to change the water systems in old and big buildings, but it will save money for residents and leave more fresh water. Unfortunately this will not deal with industrial waste water. Which is the biggest pollutant. So a new waste water system would need to be built by the government and companies. It may not be successful because most companies will not want to pay for this system, and the government will also need to give financial assistance to proceed with such a project. Moreover small cities would be at a disadvantage because of lack of funds.
HealthThe problem is overuse of hospitals in urban areas. For example too many people use limited facilities to medical treatment. One possible solution would be to encourage people to move to rural areas, to stop hospital overcrowding. The advantage of this would be to relieve the burden of the city hospitals and improve rural area development. Unfortunately it may not be successful because people may not want to move out of the urban centre. However the government could increase the salaries of rural jobs to give city inhabitants and medical professionals an incentive to move. Although this may not work in every major city, as the move may change the economy.
HousingThe problem is the high density of population in urban areas, and land becomes increasingly expensive. One possible solution is building skyscrapers. It can be a successful method to provide a lot of housing in a small area, but people will only live in a very small area, which could lead to physical and mental health problems. When skyscrapers are constructed it can destroy the natural environment, which means less green areas for the city. However it will be impossible to use this method in some cities, such as London, or Paris because they are old and have already been constructed, and you would need to destroy the old buildings to build. Not only this but it would damage the skyline of these cities.
TransportThe problem is traffic jams. One possible solution is the vehicle restriction rule, which limits the number of cars on the road due to their vehicle registration. The advantage of such a scheme is that it is easy to set up the project, as you do not need to build anything, and can therefore save government money. Even though this has been used in Beijing it does not stop the amount of traffic jams, because some people have more than one car with different registration numbers. In addition it does not work for some businesses, such as food transportation which need to transport products everyday. Although the congestion charge scheme used in London may be an extra alternative.
PollutionThere is a lack of drinking water in urban areas. We need to make more clean water available by using a new water system in houses. This system can recycle waste water in the house for cleaning the toilet. It could be successful as it would not cost too much money in new houses. However it does have some implications, such as how to change the water systems in old and big buildings, but it will save money for residents and leave more fresh water. Unfortunately this will not deal with industrial waste water. Which is the biggest pollutant. So a new waste water system would need to be built by the government and companies. It may not be successful because most companies will not want to pay for this system, and the government will also need to give financial assistance to proceed with such a project. Moreover small cities would be at a disadvantage because of lack of funds.
Thursday, August 11, 2011
London Riots
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/wordsinthenews/2011/08/110808_witn_london_riots.shtml
http://edition.cnn.com/video/?/video/world/2011/08/08/rivers.london.riots.cnn
http://edition.cnn.com/video/?/video/world/2011/08/08/rivers.london.riots.cnn
Tuesday, August 9, 2011
Example sentences for introduction.
For stopping the problems caused by urbanization, people began to introduce sustainable development.
Our lives are heavily dependent on transport however the continuous increase of cars has been harmful to the environment.
However they soon found this approach was not suitable for protecting the environment.
This essay will firstly demonstrate the problems of urbanization, such as pollution and urban transport and space. Then it will discuss whether the policy of sustainable development will be the best choice of meeting the problems.
“The sustainable development” is an effective way for modern cities to achieve the solutions to the problems of urbanization.
Our lives are heavily dependent on transport however the continuous increase of cars has been harmful to the environment.
However they soon found this approach was not suitable for protecting the environment.
This essay will firstly demonstrate the problems of urbanization, such as pollution and urban transport and space. Then it will discuss whether the policy of sustainable development will be the best choice of meeting the problems.
“The sustainable development” is an effective way for modern cities to achieve the solutions to the problems of urbanization.
Review of a place in Exeter
Take a look at this site to get some ideas for your work
http://www.visitorreview.com/universityofplymouth
http://www.visitorreview.com/universityofplymouth
Monday, August 8, 2011
Features of Introduction
Introduction to topic
Background information
Justification (why I am talking about this area of the topic)
Outline of structure (what will happen first then after and so on)
Definition of key terms
Thesis statement (what do I think is the solution to the problem)
Writer's purpose (what is the reason you are writing eg, to provide solutions, to show how urbanization affects people, to show what developing cities may need to consider etc.)
Background information
Justification (why I am talking about this area of the topic)
Outline of structure (what will happen first then after and so on)
Definition of key terms
Thesis statement (what do I think is the solution to the problem)
Writer's purpose (what is the reason you are writing eg, to provide solutions, to show how urbanization affects people, to show what developing cities may need to consider etc.)
Sample introduction
Remember this introduction may not have all the features of a good introduction
To What Extent Can The Problems Of Urbanization Be Met By A Policy Of Sustainable Development?
With increasing life expectancy, people have moved from rural area to urban area and cities have grown rapidly, which causes many problems. To solve these problems of urbanisation, the concept of sustainability emerged, which is always used by environmentalists and political planners to express their own view of how environment and economy should be administrated (Adams, 2001). One of the most quoted definitions of it is that provided by Brundtland: ‘ development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ (Adams, 2001:114). In my opinion, to some extent, these problems can be addressed by the policy of sustainable development with good planning and control. In this essay, the way how it can tackle these problems will be explored by discussing three problems including environmental pollution, traffic and housing.
To What Extent Can The Problems Of Urbanization Be Met By A Policy Of Sustainable Development?
With increasing life expectancy, people have moved from rural area to urban area and cities have grown rapidly, which causes many problems. To solve these problems of urbanisation, the concept of sustainability emerged, which is always used by environmentalists and political planners to express their own view of how environment and economy should be administrated (Adams, 2001). One of the most quoted definitions of it is that provided by Brundtland: ‘ development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ (Adams, 2001:114). In my opinion, to some extent, these problems can be addressed by the policy of sustainable development with good planning and control. In this essay, the way how it can tackle these problems will be explored by discussing three problems including environmental pollution, traffic and housing.
Vertical farming
Some links on the concept and reality of veritcal farming in urban areas
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkwbJJpeiVs&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaoCRNMot1E&feature=fvwrel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPvgkZhrWUA&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsIzkyWb7UE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkwbJJpeiVs&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaoCRNMot1E&feature=fvwrel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPvgkZhrWUA&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsIzkyWb7UE&feature=related
Thursday, August 4, 2011
Some summaries from the sources provided
Some urban transport solutions do not work. For example the Metro in Los Angeles (LA) cost the government a huge amount of money. However people living in LA naturally like to travel by car. This is due to “cheap cars and low price petrol” which lead to less demand for public transport (Thisdell, 1993:125)
Zackel's group
According to Chaffey (1994) one of the problems about urban space is housing, especially in Hong Kong. This problem is caused by several reasons. Firstly after 1949 the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, immigration rose. Refugees put intense pressure on housing. Furthermore disasters, such as fire in a squatter settlement led to many people without houses. In addition the arrival of Vietnamese refugees led to more overcrowding.
Kimi's group
According to the United Nations (1989) in less developed countries there was a higher population in urban areas than in more developed countries. Maybe in ten years this trend will continue. Barton (1994) believes that a higher population causes more pollution. Therefore deurbanization maybe a solution.
Vivery's group
According to Bilham Bond (1999) it is necessary to improve conditions such as providing employment opportunities, education, social services and transport. For example in Hong Kong and Singapore have built satellite new towns to disperse the population. Also Mexico provides self help houses to decrease housing pressure in urban areas. Interestingly deurbanization is occurring in Europe, where the total population of the large, built up areas have been falling.
Dawn's group
Zackel's group
According to Chaffey (1994) one of the problems about urban space is housing, especially in Hong Kong. This problem is caused by several reasons. Firstly after 1949 the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, immigration rose. Refugees put intense pressure on housing. Furthermore disasters, such as fire in a squatter settlement led to many people without houses. In addition the arrival of Vietnamese refugees led to more overcrowding.
Kimi's group
According to the United Nations (1989) in less developed countries there was a higher population in urban areas than in more developed countries. Maybe in ten years this trend will continue. Barton (1994) believes that a higher population causes more pollution. Therefore deurbanization maybe a solution.
Vivery's group
According to Bilham Bond (1999) it is necessary to improve conditions such as providing employment opportunities, education, social services and transport. For example in Hong Kong and Singapore have built satellite new towns to disperse the population. Also Mexico provides self help houses to decrease housing pressure in urban areas. Interestingly deurbanization is occurring in Europe, where the total population of the large, built up areas have been falling.
Dawn's group
Wednesday, August 3, 2011
Some of our classes sentences.. still needs evidence to support the ideas
Look at the sentences below and see where you can find evidence for these ideas
The subject of urbanization’s problems has been researched for many years, but these problems still exist.
With urbanization more and more people live in cities, therefore there is heated competition for work.
The Green Party performed an important role, promoting the use of bicycles in London.
There is no doubt that traffic congestion has become an increasing concern for residents of most urban areas.
The Environmental Protection Organization is far sighted about the new measures of the urbanization. For example they want to introduce a new green water recycling system.
The subject of urbanization’s problems has been researched for many years, but these problems still exist.
With urbanization more and more people live in cities, therefore there is heated competition for work.
The Green Party performed an important role, promoting the use of bicycles in London.
There is no doubt that traffic congestion has become an increasing concern for residents of most urban areas.
The Environmental Protection Organization is far sighted about the new measures of the urbanization. For example they want to introduce a new green water recycling system.
My Academic Skills
I have just had my new assignment title and there are some things which I need to talk about.
Firstly I know that I will enjoy finding different books and other resources either in the library or online. I quite like finding unusual journals and newspaper articles. I am sure that reading will not be a problem and I can skip words that I do not understand fully.
Secondly I am convinced that I will have difficulties taking notes from books and resources, as I cannot seem to put my own words down on paper. I find summarising the writing of someone else extremely time consuming and I feel that I should copy, but I know I cannot do that. I think that I will need to use my electronic mp3 recorder to help me take notes but I find that really helpful. This will save me time writing.
Thirdly I will need to get help from my tutor at each stage of my project. In other words after I write a plan I will need to agree that it is ok. Also I will need to submit a first draft of my work to get his feedback. Furthermore I will need to meet with him to get any advice on my ideas, organisation and how I have answered the question before I hand in my final work. My communication with my tutor will be so valuable.
Finally I think that I have to make sure I have my tutors contact details, so that I can ask him for help if I need it. In addition I must ask him for help as he will not know if I need help without me talking about it. He is not a mind reader so my communication with him is so important. I also think that keeping healthy will help me study. I like to eat healthily and like to go running, so my mind and body feel good.
Tuesday, August 2, 2011
Outline of Project
We discussed these areas in class
Here are some notes
Introduction
1. Sustainable development definition – dictionary/government/green party
2. Urbanization definition-dictionary/government
3. Problems of urbanization. Transport, buildings, resources (electricity and water). Reduced natural spaces (trees, rivers)
4. Policies of sustainable development. London Bike Scheme, Danish National Cycle city, Beijing housing policy, Recycling and water treatment in Chinese industry, London congestion charge, UK school rain water project
5. Can sustainable development solve problems?
Can help but cannot solve all the problems, because of various factors, (eg doesn’t rain in Australia, or old cities difficult to build new cycle ways)
Main Body
1. Problems urban space. Evidence. Source 2 and 3 and 5
2. Problems urban transport. Evidence.Tianjin video, London bike scheme video, source 1and 6
3. Other problems.pollution, employment Evidence. Source 5
4. Possible solutions Evidence source 3, 6
5. Evidence on successful sustainable development. Source 3
Here are some notes
Introduction
1. Sustainable development definition – dictionary/government/green party
2. Urbanization definition-dictionary/government
3. Problems of urbanization. Transport, buildings, resources (electricity and water). Reduced natural spaces (trees, rivers)
4. Policies of sustainable development. London Bike Scheme, Danish National Cycle city, Beijing housing policy, Recycling and water treatment in Chinese industry, London congestion charge, UK school rain water project
5. Can sustainable development solve problems?
Can help but cannot solve all the problems, because of various factors, (eg doesn’t rain in Australia, or old cities difficult to build new cycle ways)
Main Body
1. Problems urban space. Evidence. Source 2 and 3 and 5
2. Problems urban transport. Evidence.Tianjin video, London bike scheme video, source 1and 6
3. Other problems.pollution, employment Evidence. Source 5
4. Possible solutions Evidence source 3, 6
5. Evidence on successful sustainable development. Source 3
Links to eco village information
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=eco+village+germany&mid=C2D034FA0297A340E9D1C2D034FA0297A340E9D1&FORM=LKVR#
http://www.ecovillagenews.org/wiki/index.php/The_Ecovillage_Movement_Today
http://www.ecovillagenews.org/wiki/index.php/The_Ecovillage_Movement_Today
Word family MEAN
Mean (v) The word means something different in French
Mean (n) The mean life expectancy is 75 years old.
Meaning (n) The meaning of the two finger sign is abusive in UK.
Mean (adj) When you are a student you need to be mean. (do not want to spend money)
Meaningless (adj) Doesn’t make sense This language is meaningless.
Meaningful (adj) Makes sense. He/She gave me a meaningful look.
Mean (n) The mean life expectancy is 75 years old.
Meaning (n) The meaning of the two finger sign is abusive in UK.
Mean (adj) When you are a student you need to be mean. (do not want to spend money)
Meaningless (adj) Doesn’t make sense This language is meaningless.
Meaningful (adj) Makes sense. He/She gave me a meaningful look.
Sentences using the word "society"
A society using only sustainable development may be difficult to achieve.
Urbanization brings many different problems to the modern society, such as public health, education and urban transportation.
Many factors of urbanization are bad for society, such as traffic jams, air pollution and house prices.
The traditional and uneconomical development should be abolished in this Information Technology society.
In modern society the problems of urbanization are very serious.
Urbanization brings many different problems to the modern society, such as public health, education and urban transportation.
Many factors of urbanization are bad for society, such as traffic jams, air pollution and house prices.
The traditional and uneconomical development should be abolished in this Information Technology society.
In modern society the problems of urbanization are very serious.
EVIDENCE WHERE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS SUCCESSFUL.
EVIDENCE WHERE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS SUCCESSFUL.
Discussion by Group 6
Remember you need to find the sources of this material.
Montreal Canada. Metro (subway, underground), clean, good system for urban environments
Lots of bicycles, no pollution
buses, pollution if they run on fossil fuels (petrol, diesel) electric buses no pollution
taxis, pollution if using fossil fuels
sky train, no pollution, electric
sea bus, pollution
street car (tram) no pollution
Public Transportation (Montreal, Canada) in http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IZh9iG_slY date accessed 1 Aug 2011
Australia … Use a by pass (pass by) roads to avoid the city centre. Can reduce traffic jams in city centres.
Dalian Petrochemical industry they recycle water on a large scale. It reduces the water usage.
UK Schools using containers to collect rain water to use in daily life, they save about 80% of water.
Denmark, Odense, National Cycle City Strategy. 510km just for bicycle riders in this city, safe place for people to cycle. Lots of bike parking facilities near public transport. People riding bicycles increased by 20% in 2002. School children have bicycle training. 80% of students go to school by bike or on foot in 2011.
China introduced new guidelines on waste water from industry of which 78.9% is treated so it is safe.
Discussion by Group 6
Remember you need to find the sources of this material.
Montreal Canada. Metro (subway, underground), clean, good system for urban environments
Lots of bicycles, no pollution
buses, pollution if they run on fossil fuels (petrol, diesel) electric buses no pollution
taxis, pollution if using fossil fuels
sky train, no pollution, electric
sea bus, pollution
street car (tram) no pollution
Public Transportation (Montreal, Canada) in http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IZh9iG_slY date accessed 1 Aug 2011
Australia … Use a by pass (pass by) roads to avoid the city centre. Can reduce traffic jams in city centres.
Dalian Petrochemical industry they recycle water on a large scale. It reduces the water usage.
UK Schools using containers to collect rain water to use in daily life, they save about 80% of water.
Denmark, Odense, National Cycle City Strategy. 510km just for bicycle riders in this city, safe place for people to cycle. Lots of bike parking facilities near public transport. People riding bicycles increased by 20% in 2002. School children have bicycle training. 80% of students go to school by bike or on foot in 2011.
China introduced new guidelines on waste water from industry of which 78.9% is treated so it is safe.
Monday, August 1, 2011
Problems of Urbanization (Land use)
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=shenzhen+china&FORM=BIFD#x0y765
http://stophavingaboringlife.com/images/dailyphoto/100/shenzhen_city_skyline_china.JPG
http://www.chinatraderonline.com/images/Map-Shenzhen-China.gif
http://stophavingaboringlife.com/images/dailyphoto/100/shenzhen_city_skyline_china.JPG
http://www.chinatraderonline.com/images/Map-Shenzhen-China.gif
London Bicycle scheme
http://www.france24.com/en/20100730-london-launches-cycle-hiring-scheme-boris-johnson-barclays-velib
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6tJ-RbwBtg
Two of the links we looked at on the bicyle scheme
Some notes on the class discussion
1. Although about 100, 000 people have joined the scheme, it is just part of the answer to improving air quality. Also to stop traffic requires much more than a shared cycling scheme. Even though the scheme is a great idea most of the people using it are public transport users, not existing cars drivers. Therefore there has been no real reduction in traffic or pollution
2. London Transport Director- Organising the bike scheme and will tell us about the benefits.
Member of the UK Green Party – He is interested in protecting the environment, he will tell us that we need to do more to save the environment.
3. Many bikes have been stolen in Paris, but not so many in London. The scheme has operated in Paris for longer. Paris has introduced a lot more bicycles.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6tJ-RbwBtg
Two of the links we looked at on the bicyle scheme
Some notes on the class discussion
1. Although about 100, 000 people have joined the scheme, it is just part of the answer to improving air quality. Also to stop traffic requires much more than a shared cycling scheme. Even though the scheme is a great idea most of the people using it are public transport users, not existing cars drivers. Therefore there has been no real reduction in traffic or pollution
2. London Transport Director- Organising the bike scheme and will tell us about the benefits.
Member of the UK Green Party – He is interested in protecting the environment, he will tell us that we need to do more to save the environment.
3. Many bikes have been stolen in Paris, but not so many in London. The scheme has operated in Paris for longer. Paris has introduced a lot more bicycles.
Thursday, July 28, 2011
British national corpus
http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/
this site may help you see how words are used in context
this site may help you see how words are used in context
Video on Tianjin
http://edition.cnn.com/video/?/video/business/2011/05/09/future.cities.tianjin.cnn
check this out to find out more about the project
check this out to find out more about the project
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